Pengaruh Cahaya LED Putih di Malam Hari Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA) Otak dan Histopatologi Sel CA3 dan CA1 Hipokampus Pada Tikus Wistar Jantan
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh cahaya LED putih di malam hari terhadap kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) otak dan histopatalogi sel CA3 dan CA1 hipokampus. Jenis penelitian true eksperimental dengan post-test only control group design yang dilakukan pada 24 ekor tikus. Kelompok terbagi berdasarkan waktu paparannya: 15 hari dan 30 hari, masing-masing memiliki kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Kelompok kontrol: terang-gelap normal (12L:12D) dan kelompok perlakuan: terang-terang (12L:12L) dengan pencahayaan berasal dari lampu LED putih 1500 lux saat malam hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar MDA otak pada kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol dan signifikan (p=0,001). Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi sel CA3 dan CA1 pada kelompok perlakuan 15 hari didapatkan mengalami kerusakan sedang (50%) hingga berat (50%) sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 15 hari hanya dominan pada kerusakan ringan (83,3%) dengan hasil yang signifikan (p= 0,011). Pada kelompok perlakuan 30 hari dominan mengalami kerusakan berat (83,3%) sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 30 hari berada diantara kerusakan ringan (33,3%) hingga sedang (66,7%) dan hasil yang diperoleh signifikan (p=0,012). Cahaya LED putih di malam hari bertindak sebagai stressor apabila intensitas, durasi paparan dan panjang gelombangnya sesuai. Stressor ini meningkatkan produksi ROS dan mengarahkan sel pada stress oksidatif yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar MDA. Peningkatan kadar MDA bersifat neurotoksik pada otak khususnya hipokampus yang mengarahkan sel CA3 dan CA1 pada kerusakan maka perlu adanya pengurangan dalam penggunaan lampu LED pada malam hari
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