Modes of Tuberculosis Transmission among New Patients in Blitar District: A Case Study
https://doi.org/10.33860/jik.v19i3.4282
Keywords:
Tuberculosis, Transmission, Transmission in children, Healthy behaviorsAbstract
Background: Prevention efforts have been carried out massively and early through immunization. However, transmission still occurs, especially to people living in the same house as tuberculosis sufferers. This research aims to describe the mode of transmission and efforts to cure it.
Methods: This research design is a case study to uncover the phenomenon of transmission. The participant of this study was 14 new sufferers and 17 old sufferers who were suspected as transmitters selected by purposive sampling. Data collection through in-depth interviews to uncover the phenomenon was carried out from June 2024 to April 2025. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model was continued with triangulation validation to program holders at the Puskesmas.
Results: Old and new sufferers were found in childhood. New sufferers were found in 8 people including infant, when diagnosed was 18 days old. New sufferers were infected during activities in the school environment transmitted by school friends and also infected from adults in the household. The transmission that occurred was not realized by new sufferers because it could be caused by unexpected people, even those closest to them. Transmission easily occurs if individuals live in the same house as an infected person and have a weak immune system. The danger of transmission to children can lead to stigma from peers and the community. Preventive measures that everyone should maintain include healthy behaviors such as consuming nutritious food, wearing a mask, covering when coughing, and avoiding spitting carelessly.
Conclusion: Children are highly vulnerable, and prevention efforts need to be enhanced through healthy behaviors.
References
BKPK. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2023 Dalam Angka. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rjNDG_f8xG6-Y9wmhJUnXhJ-vUFevVJC/view
Cahyani, F., & Dew, A. (2025). Stigma among tuberculosis patients: A bibliometric analysis and scoping review. Russian Open Medical Journal, 14(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2025.0209
CDC. (2025a). Lesson 2: Transmission and the Development of TB Disease. In TB 101 for Health Care Workers. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/webcourses/tb101/page1699.html
CDC. (2025b). Tuberculosis in Children. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved September 15 from https://www.cdc.gov/tb/about/children.html#cdc_disease_basics_vacc-vaccines
Debulpaep, S., Dreesman, A., Dirix, V., Toppet, V., Wanlin, M., Geysens, L., Oate, W. A. d., Fauville, M., Mascart, F. o., Levy, J., & Mouchet, F. o. (2020). Tuberculosis Transmission in a Primary School and a Private Language School. An Estimation of Infectivity. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 8, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00010
Heemskerk, D., Caws, M., Marais, B., & Farrar, J. (2015). Tuberculosis in Adults and Children. Springer Open. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19132-4
Humayun, M., Chirenda, J., Ye, W., Mukeredzi, I., Mujuru, H. A., & Yang, Z. (2022). Effect of Gender on Clinical Presentation of Tuberculosis (TB) and Age-Specific Risk of TB, and TB-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 9(10), 9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac512
Irnawati, Sulisyanto, B. A., Hardini, D. S., Asmita, K. B., & Sansuwito, T. b. (2021). A Retrospective Study: Trend in the Incidence of Tuberculosis Among Children in the Pekalongan. 2nd International Nursing and Health Sciences Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. https://doi.org/10.30595/pshms.v2i.223
Jaya, T., Basit, M., Wijaksono, M. A., & Rahman, S. (2024). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Perilaku Optimalisasi Pengendalian Tuberkulosis Pada Remaja di Banjarmasin. Nursing Science Journal 5(2), 11. https://doi.org/10.53510/nsj.v5i2.270
Kalsum, S. U., Herawati, & Dwicahya, B. (2024). Perilaku Penderita dalam Pencegahan dan Penularan Tuberkulosis di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simpang Raya Kabupaten Banggai. Buletin Kesehatan MAHASISWA, 02(2). https://doi.org/10.51888/jpmeo.v2i2.235
Kemkes-RI. (2025). Buku Panduan Tenaga Medis dan Tenaga Kesehatan Tuberkulosis: Langkah dalam Pencegahan, Deteksi Dini, dan Pendampingan Pasien TBC di Masyarakat. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. https://www.tbindonesia.or.id/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Buku-Panduan-Tenaga-Medis-dan-Kesehatan-Tuberkulosis.pdf
Khairunnisa, C. (2024). Analysis Of Tuberculosis Risk Factors Among Children In North Aceh District. Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 9(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v9i1.2600
Machavariani, E., Nonyane, B. A. S., Lebina, L., Mmolawa, L., West, N. S., Dowdy, D. W., Martinson, N., Ahmad, B., & Hanrahan, C. F. (2023). Perceived stigma among people with TB and household contacts. TheInternational Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 27(9), 8. https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.22.0670
Majid, Y. A., Ardianty, S., Apriani, S., & Miranda. (2024). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Melalui Media Booklet Terhadap Pengetahuan Pencegahan Penularan Tuberkulosis Paru Pada Keluarga. Jurnal Inspirasi Kesehatan, 2(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.52523/jika.v2i1.94
Mohammedhussein, M., Hajure, M., Shifa, J. E., & Hassen, T. A. (2020). Perceived stigma among patient with pulmonary tuberculosis at public health facilities in southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE(December), 11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243433
Peer, V., Schwartz, N., & Gree, M. S. (2023). Gender differences in tuberculosis incidence rates—A pooled analysis of data from seven high-income countries by age group and time period. Frontiers in Public Health, 10(997025), 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.997025
Sekandi, J. N., Quach, T., Olum, R., Nakkonde, D., Farist, L., Obiekwe, R., Zalwango, S., & Buregyeya, E. (2024). Stigma and associated sex disparities among patients with tuberculosis in Uganda: a cross-sectional study. Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 11, 17. https://doi.org/10.1177/204993612413055
Setyoningrum, R. A., Maharani, R. A., Hapsari, R., & Chafid, A. P. P. (2024). Risk factors of tuberculosis in children with adult household tuberculosis contact. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 64(4), 6. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi64.4.2024.287-92
Siddalingaiah, N., Chawla, K., Nagaraja, S. B., & Hazra, D. (2023). Risk factors for the development of tuberculosis among the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta‑analysis. European Journal of Pediatrics, 182(7), 13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-023-04988-0
Suprajitno, Mugianti, S., & Sholikhah, U. A. (2015). Upaya Keluarga Mencegah Penularan Tuberkulosis. Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v2i1.ART.p001-005
TB-DIAH. (2021). TB DIAH: Gender Strategy. University of North Carolina. https://www.tbdiah.org/
Thabit, J. S., Mahardieni, K., Prasetyaningsih, N., Tan, S., & Suyanto, J. (2025). Case-control Study: Stigma’s of Tuberculosis Patient in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. Journal of Nursing and Public Health 13(1), 8. https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/jnph/article/view/8605
Tobin, E. H., & Tristram, D. (2024). Tuberculosis Overview. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441916/
Tobing, K. L., Suriani, O., Lolong, D. B., Ahmadi, F., Hermawan, A., & Isfandari, S. (2023). Under-Reported Tuberculosis Among Children: Subsample Analysis Indonesia Tuberculosis Inventory Study 2016-2017. Health Science Journal of Indonesia, 14(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.22435/hsji.v14i1.6579
Walakandou, L. R., Umboh, A., & Wahani, A. (2010). Ladylove R. Walakandou, Adrian Umboh, Audrey Wahani. Paediatrica Indonesiana, 50(4), 6. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi50.4.2010.232-8
WHO. (2019). WHO guidelines on tuberculosis infection prevention and control: 2019 update. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/311259/9789241550512-eng.pdf
WHO. (2020). WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 1: prevention - tuberculosis preventive treatment. World Health Organization. http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331525
WHO. (2021). World TB Day 2021 Making TB everyone’s business – Indonesia’s path towards eliminating TB. Retrieved 1 April from https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/campaign/tb-day-2021
WHO. (2024). Global tuberculosis report 2024. https://www.who.int/teams/global-programme-on-tuberculosis-and-lung-health/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2024
WHO. (2025a). 4. Health education and counselling for people affected with TB. In WHO TB KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORM. World Health Organization. https://tbksp.who.int/en/node/3046#:~:text=The%20education%20should%20discuss%20TB,that%20may%20be%20coming%20up
WHO. (2025b). Global Programme on Tuberculosis & Lung Health. World Health Organization. Retrieved September 15 from https://www.who.int/teams/global-programme-on-tuberculosis-and-lung-health/populations-comorbidities/gender#
Yadav, S. (2024). Stigma in Tuberculosis: Time to Act on an Important and Largely Unaddressed Issue. Cureus, 16(6), 3. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.61964
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with Poltekita : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License.
Poltekita : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License
You are free to:
- Share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
