The Impact of Complementary Cupping Therapy on Immunity Changes (Interleukin-10) in Coastal Fishermen with Hypertension
https://doi.org/10.33860/jik.v19i1.3921
Keywords:
Cupping Therapy, Hypertension,, Interleukin-10, Fishermen Communities, complementary and alternative medicineAbstract
This study investigated the impact of complementary cupping therapy on immunity changes, specifically interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels, in coastal fishermen with hypertension. Forty participants, aged 20-50 years, were randomly allocated to either a cupping therapy intervention group or a placebo group. Blood pressure, pulse rate, and IL-10 levels were measured before and two weeks after the intervention. The cupping therapy procedure followed a six-step protocol, including informed consent, equipment preparation, point selection, scarification, and post-treatment care. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests. The results showed a significant increase in IL-10 levels (P=0.049) and a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05) in the hypertension group receiving cupping therapy. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the normotensive group. The findings suggest that wet cupping therapy may enhance the immune system by increasing IL-10 levels and lowering blood pressure in hypertensive coastal fishermen. The underlying mechanisms may involve local inflammation, activation of the complement system, increased nitric oxide production, and stimulation of the autonomic nervous system. However, the limited sample size and potential methodological limitations warrant further high-quality trials to confirm these results. The study concludes that wet cupping therapy could serve as a viable complementary treatment for hypertension in fishing communities, but a comprehensive approach considering cultural, religious, and psychological perspectives is necessary to understand its full impact on individuals and society.
References
Mbizo J, Okafor A, Sutton MA, Leyva B, Stone LM, Olaku O. Complementary and alternative medicine use among persons with multiple chronic conditions: results from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):281-.
Azaizeh H, Saad B, Cooper E, Said O. Traditional Arabic and Islamic Medicine, a Re-emerging Health Aid. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2010;7(4):419-24.
AlRawi SN, Khidir A, Elnashar MS, Abdelrahim HA, Killawi AK, Hammoud MM, Fetters MD. Traditional Arabic & Islamic medicine: validation and empirical assessment of a conceptual model in Qatar. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2017;17(1):157-.
Satria D. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM): Fakta atau Janji. Idea Nursing Journal. 2013;4(3).
Rosyanti L, Hadi I, Faturrahman T, Hidayat A. Changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factors in schizophrenic patients with spiritual psychoreligious therapy. J Pak Med Assoc. 2024;74(8):1458-63.
Kang SC, Lin CC, Tsai CC, Chang YC, Wu CY, Chang KC, Lo SS. The Primary Care of Immigrant Workers and Their Associated Characteristics within A Taiwanese Fishing Community. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(19).
Cabral H, Fonseca V, Sousa T, Costa Leal M. Synergistic Effects of Climate Change and Marine Pollution: An Overlooked Interaction in Coastal and Estuarine Areas. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(15).
Azzeri A, Ching GH, Jaafar H, Mohd Noor MI, Razi NA, Then AY, et al. A Review of Published Literature Regarding Health Issues of Coastal Communities in Sabah, Malaysia. 2020;17(5).
Laraqui O, Manar N, Laraqui S, Ghailan T, Deschamps F, Laraqui CEH. Occupational risk perception, stressors and stress of fishermen. Int Marit Health. 2018;69(4):233-42.
Choi TY, Ang L, Ku B, Jun JH, Lee MS. Evidence Map of Cupping Therapy. Journal of clinical medicine. 2021;10(8):1750.
Ahmed SM, Madbouly NH, Maklad SS, Abu-Shady EA. Immunomodulatory effects of blood letting cupping therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The Egyptian journal of immunology. 2005;12(2):39-51.
Furhad S, Bokhari AA. Cupping Therapy. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2020, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2020.
Cao H, Han M, Li X, Dong S, Shang Y, Wang Q, et al. Clinical research evidence of cupping therapy in China: a systematic literature review. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010;10:70.
Cao H, Li X, Liu J. An updated review of the efficacy of cupping therapy. PloS one. 2012;7(2):e31793.
El Sayed SM, Baghdadi H, Abou-Taleb A, Mahmoud HS, Maria RA, Ahmed NS, Helmy Nabo MM. Al-hijamah and oral honey for treating thalassemia, conditions of iron overload, and hyperferremia: toward improving the therapeutic outcomes. J Blood Med. 2014;5:219-37.
El-Shanshory M, Hablas NM, Shebl Y, Fakhreldin AR, Attia M, Almaramhy HH, et al. Al-hijamah (wet cupping therapy of prophetic medicine) significantly and safely reduces iron overload and oxidative stress in thalassemic children: a novel pilot study. J Blood Med. 2018;9:241-51.
Baghdadi H, Abdel-Aziz N, Ahmed NS, Mahmoud HS, Barghash A, Nasrat A, et al. Ameliorating Role Exerted by Al-Hijamah in Autoimmune Diseases: Effect on Serum Autoantibodies and Inflammatory Mediators. International journal of health sciences. 2015;9(2):207-32.
Zhang H, Kuchroo V. Epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms for the regulation of IL-10. Seminars in immunology. 2019;44:101324.
MacKenzie KF, Pattison MJ, Arthur JS. Transcriptional regulation of IL-10 and its cell-specific role in vivo. Critical reviews in immunology. 2014;34(4):315-45.
lilin lr. Evaluation of Complementary Cupping Therapy in the Management of Hypertension and Triglyceride Levels in Coastal Fishermen Communities. Public Health of Indonesia. 2024;10(2):237-46.
Rosyanti L, Hadi I, Askrening A, Indrayana M. Complementary alternative medicine: Kombinasi terapi bekam dan murotal alquran pada perubahan tekanan darah, glukosa, asam urat dan kolesterol. Health Information: Jurnal Penelitian. 2020;12(2):173-92.
Hadi I, Rosyanti L, Askrening A, Herman H. Effect of Wet Cupping Complementary Therapy on Blood Changes in Active Smokers in Kendari City: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian. 2022;14(1):51-65.
Mulyasari G, Trisusilo A, Windirah N, Djarot IN, Putra AS. Assessing Perceptions and Adaptation Responses to Climate Change among Small-Scale Fishery on the Northern Coastal of Bengkulu, Indonesia. ScientificWorldJournal. 2023;2023:8770267.
Doddamani A, Ballala ABK, Madhyastha SP, Kamath A, Kulkarni MM. A cross-sectional study to identify the determinants of non-communicable diseases among fishermen in Southern India. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):414.
Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan NA, Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines. Hypertension. 2020;75(6):1334-57.
Wang J, Xiong X. Evidence-based chinese medicine for hypertension. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:978398.
Al-Tabakha MM, Sameer FT, Saeed MH, Batran RM, Abouhegazy NT, Farajallah AA. Evaluation of Bloodletting Cupping Therapy in the Management of Hypertension. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2018;10(1):1-6.
Zarei M, Hejazi S, Javadi SA, Farahani H. The efficacy of wet cupping in the treatment of hypertension. ARYA Atherosclerosis. 2012:145-8.
Aleyeidi NA, Aseri KS, Matbouli SM, Sulaiamani AA, Kobeisy SA. Effects of wet-cupping on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of integrative medicine. 2015;13(6):391-9.
Aleyeidi N, Aseri K, Kawthar A. The efficacy of wet cupping on blood pressure among hypertension patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A randomized controlled trial pilot study. Altern Integr Med. 2015;4(183):10.4172.
Lee MS, Choi TY, Shin BC, Kim JI, Nam SS. Cupping for hypertension: a systematic review. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, NY : 1993). 2010;32(7):423-5.
Ibrahim IR, Hassali MA, Saleem F, Al Tukmagi HF. A qualitative insight on complementary and alternative medicines used by hypertensive patients. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences. 2016;8(4):284-8.
Baran AK, Demirci H, Budak E, Candar A, Akpınar Y. What do people with hypertension use to reduce blood pressure in addition to conventional medication–Is this related to adherence? European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2017;13:49-53.
Rahmawati R, Bajorek BV. Self-medication among people living with hypertension: a review. Family practice. 2017;34(2):147-53.
Forouzanfar MH, Liu P, Roth GA, Ng M, Biryukov S, Marczak L, et al. Global Burden of Hypertension and Systolic Blood Pressure of at Least 110 to 115 mm Hg, 1990-2015. Jama. 2017;317(2):165-82.
Tagil SM, Celik HT, Ciftci S, Kazanci FH, Arslan M, Erdamar N, et al. Wet-cupping removes oxidants and decreases oxidative stress. Complement Ther Med. 2014;22(6):1032-6.
Mischak H, Apweiler R, Banks RE, Conaway M, Coon J, Dominiczak A, et al. Clinical proteomics: A need to define the field and to begin to set adequate standards. Proteomics Clinical applications. 2007;1(2):148-56.
Al Bedah AM, Khalil MK, Posadzki P, Sohaibani I, Aboushanab TS, AlQaed M, Ali GI. Evaluation of Wet Cupping Therapy: Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Altern Complement Med. 2016;22(10):768-77.
Almaiman AA. Proteomic effects of wet cupping (Al-hijamah). Saudi Med J. 2018;39(1):10-6.
Hadi I, Rosyanti L, Askrening A, Herman H. Pengaruh Terapi Komplementer Bekam Basah terhadap Perubahan Darah Rutin Perokok Aktif di Kota Kendari: Penelitian Kuasi Eksperimen. Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian. 2022;14(1):51-65.
Al-Bedah AMN, Elsubai IS, Qureshi NA, Aboushanab TS, Ali GIM, El-Olemy AT, et al. The medical perspective of cupping therapy: Effects and mechanisms of action. J Tradit Complement Med. 2019;9(2):90-7.
Arslan M, Yeşilçam N, Aydin D, Yüksel R, Dane S. Wet cupping therapy restores sympathovagal imbalances in cardiac rhythm. J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(4):318-21.
Cramer H, Klose P, Teut M, Rotter G, Ortiz M, Anheyer D, et al. Cupping for Patients With Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pain. 2020;21(9-10):943-56.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with Poltekita : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic License.
Poltekita : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License
You are free to:
- Share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
