Knowledge and Uptake of VIA Screening: A Case-Control Study among Women of Reproductive Age in Kendari City
https://doi.org/10.33860/jbc.v7i2.4228
Keywords:
Knowledge, Women of Reproductive Age, VIA Screening, Cervical Cancer, Early DetectionAbstract
Background: Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality among women in Indonesia, largely due to low uptake of early detection methods such as Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) screening. Knowledge among women of reproductive age (WRA) has been identified as an important factor associated with participation in screening.
This study aimed to examine the association between knowledge level of WRA and VIA screening uptake at the BLUD UPTD Wua-Wua Public Health Center in Kendari City. Methods: A case-control design was applied involving 64 respondents, comprising 32 cases (women who had undergone VIA screening) and 32 controls (women who had not). Cases and controls were determined based on service records from the health center. Data were collected from June to August 2024 using a structured and validated questionnaire. The Chi-Square test was used for statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05. Results: More than half of respondents (54.7%) demonstrated low knowledge. A significant association was found between knowledge level and VIA screening uptake (p<0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge level was significantly associated with VIA screening behavior among WRA. These findings suggest that strengthening awareness and educational efforts may contribute to improving participation in cervical cancer early detection programs.
Downloads
References
Adyani, K., & Realita, F. (2020). Factors that influence the participation among women in Inspection Visual Acetic acid (IVA) test. Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 5(2), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v5i2.289
Akinlotan, M., Bolin, J. N., Helduser, J., Ojinnaka, C., Lichorad, A., & McClellan, D. (2017). Cervical Cancer Screening Barriers and Risk Factor Knowledge Among Uninsured Women. Journal of Community Health, 42(4), 770–778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-017-0316-9
Binka, C., Nyarko, S. H., Awusabo-Asare, K., & Doku, D. T. (2019). Barriers to the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment among Rural Women in Ghana. BioMed Research International, 2019, 6320938. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6320938
Bosnjak, M., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Selected recent advances and applications. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 16(3), 352–356. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v16i3.3107
Chin, J. H., & Mansori, S. (2019). Theory of Planned Behaviour and Health Belief Model: females’ intention on breast cancer screening. Cogent Psychology, 6(1), 1647927. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2019.1647927
Derbie, A., Mekonnen, D., Nibret, E., Misgan, E., Maier, M., Woldeamanuel, Y., & Abebe, T. (2023). Cervical cancer in Ethiopia: a review of the literature. Cancer Causes & Control : CCC, 34(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-022-01638-y
Dinkes Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. (2023). Profil Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Kemenkes RI. https://sultra.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/3/YTA1Q1ptRmhUMEpXWTBsQmQyZzBjVzgwUzB4aVp6MDkjMw==/kasus-penyakit-menurut-kabupaten-kota-dan-jenis-penyakit-di-provinsi-sulawesi-tenggara--2024.html?year=2024
Kemenkes. (2019). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://kemkes.go.id/app_asset/file_content_download/Profil-Kesehatan-Indonesia-2019.pdf
Kementrian Kesehatan. (2023). Profil Kesehatan. Kemenkes RI. https://kemkes.go.id/id/profil-kesehatan-indonesia-2023
Lemlem, S. B., Gary, R. A., Yeager, K. A., Sisay, M. M., & Higgins, M. K. (2024). Psychometric properties of a modified health belief model for cervical cancer and visual inspection with acetic acid among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia. PLOS ONE, 19(4), e0295905. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295905
Liao, Y., Ye, L., Cai, Q., Song, H., Zhao, Y., Shang, X., & Tian, T. (2024). Status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to screening for breast and cervical cancer among rural women aged 40-65 years in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 14(10), e080945. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080945
Munir, M. M., & Ahmed, N. (2025). Using Social Media Platforms to Raise Health Awareness and Increase Health Education in Pakistan: Structural Equation Modeling Analysis and Questionnaire Study. JMIR Human Factors, 12, e65745. https://doi.org/10.2196/65745
Nyaaba, J. A., & Akurugu, E. (2023). Knowledge, barriers and uptake towards Cervical Cancer screening among female health workers in Ghana: A perspective of the Health Belief Model. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 19, 100587. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100587
Ruddies, F., Gizaw, M., Teka, B., Thies, S., Wienke, A., Kaufmann, A. M., Abebe, T., Addissie, A., & Kantelhardt, E. J. (2020). Cervical cancer screening in rural Ethiopia: a cross- sectional knowledge, attitude and practice study. BMC Cancer, 20(1), 563. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-07060-4
Sankaranarayanan, R., Nessa, A., Esmy, P. O., & Dangou, J.-M. (2012). Visual inspection methods for cervical cancer prevention. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 26(2), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2011.08.003
Siddiqa, A., Iqbal, S., Hameed, W., Saba, A., Khalid, U., Younas, N., Bashir, F., Aslam, H., & Karam Din, S. (2023). Knowledge and Attitude Towards Cervical Cancer and its Screening among Women Attending the Gynecology Out Patient Department. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 119–123. https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i06.791
Silva, G. A. E., Damacena, G. N., Ribeiro, C. M., Alcantara, L. L. de M., Souza Júnior, P. R. B. de, & Szwarcwald, C. L. (2023). Papanicolaou test in Brazil: analysis of the National Health Survey of 2013 and 2019. Revista de Saude Publica, 57, 55. https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004798
Singh, D., Vignat, J., Lorenzoni, V., Eslahi, M., Ginsburg, O., Lauby-Secretan, B., Arbyn, M., Basu, P., Bray, F., & Vaccarella, S. (2023). Global estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2020: a baseline analysis of the WHO Global Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative. The Lancet. Global Health, 11(2), e197–e206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00501-0
Soheili, M., Keyvani, H., Soheili, M., & Nasseri, S. (2021). Human papilloma virus: A review study of epidemiology, carcinogenesis, diagnostic methods, and treatment of all HPV-related cancers. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 35, 65. https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.35.65
Taneja, Neha, Chawla, Bhavika, Awasthi, Aanchal Anant, Shrivastav, Kumar Dron, Jaggi, Vinita Kumar, & Janardhanan, Rajiv. (2021). Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Cervical Cancer and Screening Among Women in India: A Review. Cancer Control, 28, 10732748211010800. https://doi.org/10.1177/10732748211010799
Wang, S., Dang, L., Liu, S., Rezhake, R., Yan, H., Duan, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Su, M., Guo, F., Yan, C., Liu, M., Cao, X., Sun, M., Qiao, Y., & Zhao, F. (2024). Cervical Cancer Screening via Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid and Lugol Iodine for Triage of HPV-Positive Women. JAMA Network Open, 7(3), E244090. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4090
Wati, P. A., Januraga, P. P., & Putri, W. C. W. S. (2021). Utilization of cervical cancer screening program and its predictors in the universal health coverage era in Badung District, Bali. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, 9(1), 59–65. https://doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v9i1.326
WHO. (2021). Indonesia Cervical Cancer Profile. World Health Organization, 2020, 1. https://hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/IDN_FS.pdf
Wolf, J., Kist, L. F., Pereira, S. B., Quessada, M. A., Petek, H., Pille, A., Maccari, J. G., Mutlaq, M. P., & Nasi, L. A. (2024). Human papillomavirus infection: Epidemiology, biology, host interactions, cancer development, prevention, and therapeutics. Reviews in Medical Virology, 34(3), e2537. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2537
Zhang, B., Wang, S., Yang, X., Chen, M., Ren, W., Bao, Y., & Qiao, Y. (2023). Knowledge, willingness, uptake and barriers of cervical cancer screening services among Chinese adult females: a national cross-sectional survey based on a large e-commerce platform. BMC Women’s Health, 23(1), 435. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02554-2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Julian Jingsung (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Jurnal Bidan Cerdas agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License
You are free to:
- Share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
